Bladder Surgery

Bladder cancer is tumor arising from the inner lining of the bladder. More common in men than women.

Smoking and exposure industrial chemical aromatic amines are most common cause of bladder cancer.

Most common presentation of bladder cancer is hematuria or blood in the urine. Blood in the urine can be visible called gross hematuria or detected during urine examination only called microscopic hematuria.

Diagnosis of bladder cancer is done by.

• Imaging like-USG/CT/MRI/PET scan
• Urine cytology
• Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy and (TURBT)transurethral resection of bladder tumor/biopsy confirms bladder cancer. Further treatment will be based on the biopsy report.

Bladder cancer

• Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
• Muscle invasive bladder cancer

Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is treated by Cystoscopy and (TURBT)transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Intravesical chemotherapy can reduce risk of recurrence of bladder cancer. Intravesical BCG is used for aggressive noninvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Rarely laser can be used for tumor ablation.

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) can spread to other organs. Muscle invasive bladder cancer are treated with....

• Surgery- Radical Cystectomy and urinary diversion
• Radiation
• Bladder preservation with – TURBT, Radiation and chemotherapy

Following radical cystectomy urinary diversion is mostly done by illeal conduit. Young patient willing to self-catheterize formation of neobladder is an option.

Radical cystectomy is a major surgery which can be done by

• Open surgery
• Robotic surgery

Robotic surgery is very expensive, longer time to do but less pain. Oncological and functional results are same.

Open surgery can be made painless by using epidural anesthesia following surgery